first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world … contracts, or to seek protection from competitors' improper behaviors. In these contexts, violence is used to enforce previous … increases in violence after prohibition in areas with: (i) higher share of mahogany exports before prohibition; (ii) higher …

Using a rich and comparable micro-data set, we analyse international differences in gender pay gaps in the private … gender differentials. However, the magnitude of their effects varies across countries. …

Using harmonised data from the European Union Household Panel, we analyse gender pay gaps by sector across the wages … distribution for ten countries. We find that the mean gender pay gap in the raw data typically hides large variations in the gap … men and women. We find that, first, gender pay gaps are typically bigger at the top of the wage distribution, a finding …

differs between genders and that of the gender pay gap differs between sectors. The analysis shows that little none of the … gender earnings gap in both the public and private sector can be explained by differences in observable characteristics …

This paper proposes a new measure of gender differences in access to jobs based on a job assignment model. This measure … show that the gender difference in the probability of getting a job increases along the wage ladder from 9% to 50%. Females …

We use monthly personnel records of a large German company to analyse the gender wage gap (GWG). Main findings are: (1 … significant impact on the GWG; (8) the gender gap in absenteeism is between 26 and 46 percent. Overall, the results are consistent … with statistical discrimination explanations of the gender wage gap, though we cannot rule out other forms of …

In this paper, we develop a gender-specific crosswalk based on dual-coded Current Population Survey data to bridge the … sources. We show that our gender-specific crosswalk more accurately captures the trends in occupational segregation that are …

differentials between sectors by gender and between men and women by sector are carried out. Results indicate that when controlled … public administration, there is a large gender wage-gap in the private sector in favor of men. Private returns to schooling …

sample of professionals is decomposed into several subsamples: men and women and within each gender a distinction is made …). Comparisons by gender and ethnicity can then be made. Characteristics (endowments) and wage structures of the four groups are …

was partially offset by changes in the distribution of these characteristics. Between-gender inequality fell with respect … to both samples. In contrast to within-gender inequality, this was largely explained by changes in the returns to the …