causality in dynamic panel data models incorporating unobserved heterogeneity. While Adams et al. tests reject the hypothesis of … no causality from wealth to husband's or wife's health, the tests in the dynamic panel data model do not provide evidence … analyzes causality from health to wealth (health causation) and from wealth to health (wealth or social causation) for elderly …

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), it had a more agricultural economy and a more stable political-economic system than many … CEE and CIS countries. Unlike most of the CEE and CIS economies, China adopted a strategy of gradual economic … transformation depression observed in CEE and CIS, and allowed it to generate high rates of economic growth that have now lasted for …

specifications, time periods, and country samples. In addressing causality, we find, first, significant growth effects of cognitive …

Haavelmo's seminal 1943 paper is the first rigorous treatment of causality. In it, he distinguished the definition of … Acyclic Graphs (DAG) used in one influential recent approach to causality (Pearl, 2000) and in the related literature on … Pearl in securing identification of economic models. We extend our framework to consider models for simultaneous causality …

effectively control for the two-way causality between work and health and the existence of unobserved individual characteristics … observed in panel data. We find robust evidence that a reduction in mental health has a substantial negative impact on the …

effects is based on a selection-on-observables assumption, non-causality amounts to the conditional independence of outcomes … a time series setting. This leads to a generalized definition of Sims (1980) causality. A technical contribution is the …

parameters are defined and identified to address specific policy problems. Economists embrace a scientific approach to causality …. Anticipated and realized subjective and objective outcomes are distinguished. Models for simultaneous causality are developed. The … paper contrasts the Neyman-Rubin model of causality with the econometric approach. …

This paper extends the cross sectionally augmented panel unit root test proposed by Pesaran (2007) to the case of a … the maximum number of factors, in contrast to other panel unit root tests based on principal components that require in …