conflict-affected countries. This module will enable researchers to address specific violence-related issues comparatively … survey designs in conflict-affected areas. We review existing conflict- and violence-related questionnaires, with a special … in order to deepen the understanding of the nature of violent conflict and the channels whereby conflict and violence …

variables. This study draws on conflict variables from the Correlates of War (COW) project to ask a critical question: How do … different types of conflict affect country growth rates? It finds that wars slow the economy. Estimates indicate that civil war … reduces annual growth by .01 to .13 percentage points, and high-intensity interstate conflict reduces annual growth by .18 to …

We decompose the relationship between food aid and conflict into the channels through which food aid can affect … conflict. We address questions of methodological choice and estimation techniques for empirical studies. Our review of the … empirical evidence on the effect of food aid on conflict shows that none of the previous studies proposes a compelling …

theory). Costly forms of political violence by the radical faction signal resolve and may attract more support, (outbidding …

first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world … contracts, or to seek protection from competitors' improper behaviors. In these contexts, violence is used to enforce previous … increases in violence after prohibition in areas with: (i) higher share of mahogany exports before prohibition; (ii) higher …

. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …

inverse trade-conflict relationship, but is the opposite of the conclusion reached by Gartzke et al. (2001), who reject the … opportunity costs as the basis for the inverse trade-conflict relationship, thus implying that one need not rely on signaling. …

Using nationally-representative household survey data and confidential geo-coded data on violence, we examine the … conflict in the province where the household is located. We find robust evidence that households in provinces with higher … linkages between conflict, food insecurity, and food price shocks in Afghanistan. Spatial mappings of the raw data reveal large …

We show that the exposure to war-related violence increases the quantity of children temporarily, with permanent …, which experienced a ten year long civil conflict of varying intensity. Our difference-in-differences analysis shows that … women in villages affected by civil conflict increased their actual and desired fertility during the conflict by 22 percent …