Federal research funding to universities is often based on a desire to stimulate innovation – so that they spend …, increasing the efficiency with which we transfer knowledge from one generation to the next could have important implications for … innovation and productivity growth. In this paper we use new data to examine how the main organizational structure used to train …

To examine the drivers of innovation, this paper studies the global R&D effort to fight the deadliest diseases and … innovation can be very large, as demonstrated by aggregate flow of clinical trials increasing by 38% in 2020, with limited … economists are naturally in favor of market size as a driving force for innovation (i.e."if the market size is sufficiently large …

the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which … innovation even in less specific Conventional topics. The results suggest that government (and perhaps private sector) innovation …

set on innovation for a large number of Italian firms over the 1990's. There is evidence that banking development affects … the probability of process innovation, particularly for small firms and for firms in high(er) tech sectors and in sectors … more dependent upon external finance. The evidence for product innovation is weaker. There is also some evidence that …

We construct and analyze a unique database with 1992-99 information on privatization transactions and labor … describe the post-privatization ownership structure and to test the effect of alternative privatization policies on firm … and domestic blockholders, but insider and mass privatization are also estimated to have positive, although smaller …

set on innovation for a large number of Italian firms over the 1990’s. There is evidence that banking development affects … the probability of process innovation, particularly for small firms and for firms in high(er) tech sectors and in sectors … more dependent upon external finance. The evidence for product innovation is weaker. There is also some evidence that …

privatization, competition and foreign investment. We also test hypotheses positing that only firms near the efficiency frontier … find that privatization to domestic owners did not markedly improve the efficiency of firms; domestic firms are not …Economic development implies that the efficiency of firms in developing countries is approaching that of firms in …

improving efficiency. …