) as cooking fuel affects the time spent in cooking and employment activities for Indian rural women. We instrument use of … average is calculated leaving the concerned household. We find no impact of LPG on the probability of women participating in … spent in cooking and employment is mostly driven by married women. …

Technological change in production processes with gendered division of labor across tasks, such as agriculture, can … have a differential impact on women's and men's labor. Using exogenous variation in the extent of loamy soil, which is more … tilling, we show that mechanization has led to significantly greater decline in women's than men's labor on Indian farms …