correlates with perceptions of corruption. We find judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tamed bureaucracy. …

A number of recent studies for Latin America show that as the size of the informal economy grows, corruption is less … corruption, inequality and shadow economies are considerably large. We use Panel Least Square and Fixed Effects Models for Asia … to find that both Corruption Perception Index and ICRG index are sensitive to a number of important macroeconomic …

first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world …

combining detailed school characteristics with time and geo-referenced crime information from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, we …

student outcomes. We use data from the auditing of Brazil's local governments to construct objective measures of corruption …This paper examines if money matters in education by looking at whether missing resources due to corruption affect … of corruption across municipalities and controlling for student, school, and municipal characteristics, we find a …

Previous empirical work on corruption has generally been cross-country in nature and focused on utilizing country …-level corruption ratings. By using micro-level data for over 20 European countries that directly measure individual characteristics …, corruption experiences, gender roles, trust and values to examine the determinants of corruption, this paper goes beyond the …

A number of recent studies for Latin America show that as the size of the informal economy grows, corruption is less … corruption, inequality and shadow economies are considerably large. We use Panel Least Square and Fixed Effects Models for Asia … to find that both 'Corruption Perception Index' and 'ICRG' index are sensitive to a number of important macroeconomic …

-monetary disincentives to corruption. In doing so, we also test the Beckarian prediction that at the same level of expected payoff, a low … probability of detection with high penalty is a stronger deterrent to corruption than a high probability of detection with low …