. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …

. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …

relationship according to which democracy is a determinant of economic development? Or is it, conversely, economic development that …

and surveys, we show that individuals with longer exposure to democracy display stronger support for democratic … and focusing on immigrants' exposure to democracy before migration. In all cases, the timing and nature of the effects are …

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth and democracy by estimating a nation's production … shifters model enabled this study to find possible known channels between economic growth and democracy. Empirical results … based on a panel data of 144 countries observed for 1980–2014 show that democracy had a robust positive impact on economic …

variables. This study draws on conflict variables from the Correlates of War (COW) project to ask a critical question: How do … different types of conflict affect country growth rates? It finds that wars slow the economy. Estimates indicate that civil war … reduces annual growth by .01 to .13 percentage points, and high-intensity interstate conflict reduces annual growth by .18 to …

attainment of children in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. By combining 66 rounds of DHS surveys with geo-coded conflict information …, our study contextualizes the findings of a series of country-specific case studies on the effects of conflict on education … dynamics in education. The effects of conflict on education are strongly context dependent. High-intensity conflicts reduce …

Using a new set of micro evidence from an original survey of 28 transition countries, we show that democracy increases … reformist parties in the former socialist block lies in a deepening of democracy. …

individuals and the prevailing unemployment rate in the country impact perceptions of the effectiveness of democracy. We find that … personal joblessness experience translates into negative opinions about the effectiveness of democracy and it increases the … that democracies are ineffective, regardless of joblessness. People's beliefs about the effectiveness of democracy as …