parents do not have university degrees) fare on the labor market. We find that among graduate women, FiF graduates earn 8 ….3% less on average than graduate women whose parents have a university degree. For men, we find no such difference. A … decomposition of the difference between FiF and non-FiF graduate women reveals that prior academic attainment, whether they attended …

conflict-affected countries. This module will enable researchers to address specific violence-related issues comparatively … survey designs in conflict-affected areas. We review existing conflict- and violence-related questionnaires, with a special … in order to deepen the understanding of the nature of violent conflict and the channels whereby conflict and violence …

contracts, or to seek protection from competitors' improper behaviors. In these contexts, violence is used to enforce previous … first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world … increases in violence after prohibition in areas with: (i) higher share of mahogany exports before prohibition; (ii) higher …

- including absenteeism - to set wages. Since men are absent from work because of health and shirking reasons, while women face an …In most Western countries illness-related absenteeism is higher among female workers than among male workers. Using the … interpret this as evidence that the menstrual cycle raises female absenteeism. Absences with a 28-day cycle explain a …

status of women. Although historically globalization is not generally linked to the advancement of women, several recent … country studies find export led growth in middle and low income countries is associated with improvements in women … suggest the mechanisms by which it operates? Measures of wages for men and women are an unreliable basis for study of gender …

women to participate in these disciplines. This drop in social barrier materializes - later - by the authorization for women … of women in that sector and population mean, becomes more positive after removal of the social barrier. …

when we control for municipality fixed effects as well as non-random sorting of women into municipalities using regression … women. The evidence is suggestive that female mayors are less able at fostering cooperation among men, or alternatively …, that men are more reluctant to be headed by women. Other interpretations receive less support in the data. Our results may …