World Bank projects and generally find that projects that are potentially politically motivated - such as those granted to … governments holding a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council or an Executive Directorship at the World Bank … Council members with higher short-term debt, however, a negative quality rating is more likely. So we find evidence that World …

Although the theoretical literature often uses lobbying and corruption synonymously, the empirical literature … associates lobbying with the preferred mean for exerting influence in developed countries and corruption with the preferred one … suggest that (a) lobbying and corruption are fundamentally different, (b) political institutions play a major role in …

, business regulations, corruption, and to a lesser extent, infrastructure bottlenecks in explaining patterns of job creation at … growth of all firms, particularly micro and small firms. On the other hand, corruption and poor access to infrastructure …

entrepreneur. We focus on the size of the government, on freedom from corruption, and on 'market freedom' defined as a cluster of … extent of corruption. A cluster of institutional indicators representing 'market freedom' is only significant in some … specifications. Freedom from corruption is significantly related to entrepreneurial entry, especially when the richest countries are …

corruption, weaker property rights and especially intellectual property rights, and a larger state on entrepreneurs who plan to …