Although the theoretical literature often uses lobbying and corruption synonymously, the empirical literature … associates lobbying with the preferred mean for exerting influence in developed countries and corruption with the preferred one … between bribing and lobbying. We test our predictions using survey data for about 6000 firms in 26 countries. Our results …

larger reform package of economic liberalisation in formerly overregulated economies, (b) as a reaction to an increasing …

reform is that it simply widens the range of goods that are tradeable. This kind of reform is analyzed in a two … East), if (as assumed) the most sophisticated goods are tradeable before reform. Second, under ex-post liberalization … different, however, if there exist asymmetries in labor market institutions, such that upon reform, labor can relocate in the …

contours of the EPL reform. In this article we used an equilibrium unemployment model to investigate the virtue of an EPL … reform whose modality is a lessening in the red tape and legal costs associated with layoffs and the introduction of an U ….S. like experience rating system modelled as a combination of a layoff tax and a payroll subsidy. The reform considered shows …