This paper examines international technology transfers using firm-level data across 43 developing countries. Our … findings show that exporting and importing activities are important channels for the transfer of technology. Majority foreign … interpret this finding as evidence that the technology transferred from multinational parents to majority-owned subsidiaries is …

compared with the western region. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and information and communication technology (ICT) investment …

trend (purely external non-economic) as well as other exogenous (external economic) factors (technology shifters). We define … technology index based on the external economic factors which are indicators of 'technology'. Thus our definition of production … function is amended to accommodate several technology shifters which are not separable from the traditional inputs. That is …

call technology shifters (economic factors). We use several composite technology indices based on appropriate combinations … of the external economic factors which are indicators of different aspects of technology. These technology indices are … specific external economic factors. Furthermore, the technology shifters allow for non-neutral and biased shifts in TC. We also …

skillbiased technological change induced through imports of technology-intensive capital goods or export activity may provide an … based on a translog cost function show that changes in technology through a greater inflow of foreign machinery is found to …