penalty for male workers in six European countries (i.e. Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and the UK). Findings show … that the raw gap in hourly gross pay amounts to 16 per cent of male part-timer's wage in Spain, to 24 per cent in Belgium …, to 28 per cent in Denmark and Italy, to 67 per cent in the UK and to 149 per cent in Ireland. Human capital differences …

contributions to welfare for a set of European OECD countries (Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain), using industry …

The following paper attempts to trace the construction of the standard employment contract in Germany from the … beginning of the 19th century onwards. It was from this point in time that wage labour slowly came into being and later on … consolidation of the welfare state, this type of employment was reinforced in Germany in the 20th century and finally developed into …

provide comparable results for seven European countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands and the UK). …

, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK; 3) a neutral role – Denmark and Italy; and 4) a negative impact … – Germany and Greece. We thus find that in most countries dispersion in earnings increases with educational levels and that …

marginal value of being an entrepreneur as a function of wealth. Countries with high start-up costs such as Italy, Spain and …

-retirement decision. Employing individual data from the European Community Household Panel for Germany, Italy, Spain, and the U.K., a … unemployed which offer a pathway to early retirement such as, Germany and Spain, older displaced workers exhibit lower re …

Germany and the United Kingdom. Based on nationally representative longitudinal data, our results show that work …

sector for a sample of five European economies: Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy and Spain. Using different methods, we …