democracy disappears once including country fixed effects. This paper tests the hypothesis that the effect of income on … democracy might differ systematically across countries. A replication of the estimation in a less restrictive empirical … framework provides evidence for significant but heterogeneous effects of income on democracy for former colonies and non …

democracy disappears once including country fixed effects. This paper tests the hypothesis that the effect of income on … democracy might differ systematically across countries. A replication of the estimation in a less restrictive empirical … framework provides evidence for significant but heterogeneous effects of income on democracy for former colonies and non …

relationship according to which democracy is a determinant of economic development? Or is it, conversely, economic development that …

individuals and the prevailing unemployment rate in the country impact perceptions of the effectiveness of democracy. We find that … personal joblessness experience translates into negative opinions about the effectiveness of democracy and it increases the … that democracies are ineffective, regardless of joblessness. People's beliefs about the effectiveness of democracy as …

through the extension of franchise. This is because democracy always implements a highly redistributive fiscal policy, which … makes fighting hard incentive-compatible for the citizens-soldiers. We show that a transition to democracy is more likely to …

and surveys, we show that individuals with longer exposure to democracy display stronger support for democratic … and focusing on immigrants' exposure to democracy before migration. In all cases, the timing and nature of the effects are …

This paper throws new light on the relationship between income and democracy. Using data for 162 countries over 1960 … support. These findings are robust to, among others, using night-lights instead of GDP, different democracy measures and …