allows the elite to make credible commitments of future income redistribution in favor of the citizens, while a limited … aftermath of major wars. Motivated by this fact, we offer a theory of political transitions which focuses on the impact of … an oligarchy adopting a mass-army may voluntarily decide to promise some amount of income redistribution to its citizens …

: their personal financial situation. Specifically, it asks if populist anti-elite rhetoric has a causal influence on anger … anti-elite rhetoric causes considerably higher expressed anger about one's financial situation in France and Germany, but …

We develop a theory of endogenous political entrenchment in a simple two-party dynamic model of income redistribution … the net gain that low-skill agents obtain from income redistribution, which only the Left (but not the Right) can credibly … theory for constitutionally legislated term limits is also discussed. The theory sheds light on why left-wing parties or …

possibility of a nonlinear relationship and the role of reversals remain largely neglected. Focusing on democratization and …