, when a Pigouvian tax on conventional fuels such as crude is in place, the optimal biofuel subsidy is zero. When the tax on … crude is not available as a policy option, however, a second-best biofuel subsidy (or tax) is optimal. In the large …-country case, the optimal tax on crude departs from its standard Pigouvian level and a biofuel subsidy is optimal. A biofuel …

this paper, we study the effect of a monthly cash subsidy on young adults' emancipation, family formation, and fertility …. The subsidy, introduced in Spain in 2008, is conditional on young adults renting accommodation, and it amounts to almost … 20 percent of the average youngsters' wage. Our identification strategy exploits the subsidy eligibility age threshold to …

of the criticisms of the current subsidy system, however, is that it overemphasizes work and does little to encourage … care subsidies for child development. In this paper, we provide a systematic assessment of the impact of subsidy receipt on … relationship between child care subsidies and child development. In particular, our results suggest that subsidy receipt in the …

A complete account of the U.S. child care subsidy system requires an understanding of its implications for both … fill this gap by examining the impact of child care subsidy receipt on maternal health and the quality of child … of family well-being. In addition, we attempt to handle the possibility of non-random selection into subsidy receipt by …