many supervisors tend to assess the employees too good (leniency bias) and that the appraisals hardly vary across employees … of a certain supervisor (centrality bias). We explain these two biases in a model with a supervisor, who has preferences …

in quantity and quality of output. We use data from a controlled field experiment that changed the communication of the …, reduces quality, and increases in-pocket income of team managers. …

agency bias we expect delegation to dominate. Controlling for economic and political factors, our empirical tests show that … the number of IMF conditions is lower in countries with a greater social complexity, while it increases with the bias of …

resource management and personnel economics and may also contribute to the debate about incentives and organizational …

number of managers reporting directly to the CEO doubled, the growth was driven primarily by functional managers rather than … general managers. Using panel data on senior management positions, we explore the relationship between changes in executive …This paper shows that top management structures in large US firms radically changed since the mid-1980s. While the …

.e., those with the highest scores of Machiavellianism are most likely to be managers. It also suggests that the direction of …