substitutes since migrants' incomes in their new locations and income earned in the home informal economy (without migration) are … an imperfect trade-off. Tajikistan possesses both a very large informal sector and extensive international emigration …. Furthermore, Tajikistan's professional workers ability to engage in informal activities enables them to forgo migration, while low …

conditional on knowledge and claim. It uses household survey data from Uzbekistan where a new social assistance benefit is …

achievement trait (income). Individuals who are less likely to achieve are predicted to invest more value on nationalism and to …

In this paper we analyze economic and spatial determinants of interregional migration in Kazakhstan using quarterly … should facilitate regional income convergence in Kazakhstan and improve living standards in depressed regions. …

Gaza ideology according to which the empire's central motivation was provided by a spirit of Holy War in the name of Islam …

We study the relationship between migration and children's education in Tajikistan – one of the poorest and most … Tajikistan has a negative signaling effect on the education of children staying behind. …

behind in Tajikistan. Using the control function approach, we show that, contrary to some existing evidence, there is no … "dependency" effect of remittances. Our results show that remittances received by households in Tajikistan have an important … the growth and development in Tajikistan. The results obtained are likely to have policy implications for other developing …