variables - education, governance or openness - result in virtuous growth cycles. These are smallest under an increase in trade …) of trade-related foreign R&D (NRD), education and governance. The measures of NRD are constructed based on industry …-specific R&D in the North, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in the South. The main findings are: i …

, and (iii) productivity and growth, relative to the contributions of the entrepreneurs' counterparts, i.e. the 'control … very important but specific function in the economy. They engender relatively much employment creation, productivity growth … studies show that entrepreneurial firms produce important spillovers that affect regional employment growth rates of all …

This paper investigates short and long-run effects of trade liberalization on employment and wages. Employment and wage …

Trade and migration have become more important in recent years for Austria and Germany. The transition in Central and … and trade is not harming employment and wages. Natives seem to be complements to migrants, at least to those from East … Europe. Trade does not affect wages at all, and hardly affect employment. Thus one can expect that, while the Austrian labour …

hire more workers. However, the emerging skills shortages may constrain firm growth. Thus the transition economies face a …

This paper investigates the relationship between sectoral growth patterns and employment outcomes. A broad cross …-country analysis reveals that in middle-income countries, employment responds more to growth in less productive and more labor … manufacturing and export manufacturing growth. Within Brazil, Indonesia, and Mexico, the effects of different sectoral growth …