affected by the reform. We consider the effects of a major Swedish educational reform on crime by exploiting its staggered … implementation across Sweden. We first show that the reform reduced crime rates for the generation directly affected by the reform …. We then show that the benefits extended to the next generation with large reductions in the crime rates of the children …

Empirical evidence reveals that unemployment tends to increase property crime but that it has no effect on violent … crime. To explain these facts, we examine a model of criminal gangs and suggest that there is a substitution effect between … property crime and violent crime at work. In the model, non-monetary valuation of gang membership is private knowledge. Thus …

punishment to former inmates recommitting a crime can be considered as good as randomly assigned. Based on a unique data set on … recommit a crime by 1.24 percent: this corroborates the general deterrence hypothesis. However, this effect depends on the time …

double dividend in that it reduces both minor offenses and more severe crime. We develop a model of criminal subcultures in … attractive for some people who would otherwise commit more severe crime. If social status is sufficiently important in criminal … subcultures, zero-tolerance reduces crime across the board. …

sources of data going back several decades to investigate how gender stereotypes and parental time investments shape sport … Association, which provides information for every state on the total number of high school participants by gender in each sport … making sport choices in high school. We also identify parental time investments as being an important cultural …