This paper studies the impact of gender and ethnicity on educational outcomes using cross-country evidence from Bolivia … gender and ethnicity confers cumulative disadvantage for minority groups, especially in Latin America. The paper discusses … estimation method analogous to difference-in-differences, the paper finds that gender-based differences in literacy, primary …

yearly excess female deaths, referred to as the 'flow of missing women', suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger …

children. In contrast, `flow estimates' suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger, is as severe among adults as it …