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Cash wage payments in transition economies: Consequences of envelope wages
Horodnic, Ioana Alexandra - In: IZA World of Labor (2016)
In transition economies, a significant number of companies reduce their tax and social contributions by paying their staff an official salary, described in a registered formal employment agreement, and an extra, undeclared “envelope wage,” via a verbal unwritten agreement. The consequences...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011573670
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Cash wage payments in transition economies: Consequences of envelope wages
Horodnic, Ioana Alexandra; Williams, Colin C. - In: IZA World of Labor (2021)
In transition economies, a significant number of companies reduce their tax and social contributions by paying their staff an official salary, described in a registered formal employment agreement, and an extra, undeclared "envelope wage," via a verbal unwritten agreement. The consequences...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013266241
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Fighting employment informality with schooling
Soares, Rodrigo R.; Haanwinckel, Daniel - In: IZA World of Labor (2017)
Developing countries have long been struggling to fight informality, focusing on instruments such as labor legislation enforcement, temporary contracts, and changes in taxes imposed on small firms. However, improvements in the labor force’s schooling and skill level may be more effective in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011745354
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The shadow economy in industrial countries
Enste, Dominik - In: IZA World of Labor (2015)
The shadow (underground) economy plays a major role in many countries. People evade taxes and regulations by working in the shadow economy or by employing people illegally. On the one hand, this unregulated economic activity can result in reduced tax revenue and public goods and services, lower...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011404952
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The shadow economy in industrial countries
Enste, Dominik - In: IZA World of Labor (2018)
The shadow (underground) economy plays a major role in many countries. People evade taxes and regulations by working in the shadow economy or by employing people illegally. On the one hand, this unregulated economic activity can result in reduced tax revenue and public goods and services, lower...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011984688
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The shadow economy in industrial countries
Enste, Dominik H. - In: IZA World of Labor (2015) February, pp. 1-10
The shadow (underground) economy plays a major role in many countries. People evade taxes and regulations by working in the shadow economy or by employing people illegally. On the one hand, this unregulated economic activity can result in reduced tax revenue and public goods and services, lower...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011170085
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Unemployment benefits and unemployment
Moffitt, Robert A. - In: IZA World of Labor (2014)
All developed economies have unemployment benefit programs to protect workers against major income losses during spells … of unemployment. By enabling unemployed workers to meet basic consumption needs, the programs protect workers from having … recessions. If benefits are too generous, however, the programs can lengthen unemployment and raise the unemployment rate. The …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011404836
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Youth bulges and youth unemployment
Lam, David - In: IZA World of Labor (2014)
The youth population bulge is often mentioned in discussions of youth unemployment and unrest in developing countries … unemployment is mixed. It should not be assumed that declines in the relative size of the youth population will translate into … falling youth unemployment in coming decades without further policy measures to improve the youth labor market. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011404862
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Do case workers help the unemployed?
Rosholm, Michael - In: IZA World of Labor (2014)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries spend, on average, an equivalent of 0.4% of their gross domestic product on active and passive labor market policies. This is a non-negligible sum, especially in times of strained government budgets. Meetings with case workers -...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011404900
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Measuring employment and unemployment
Viviano, Eliana; Brandolini, Andrea - In: IZA World of Labor (2018)
Measuring employment and unemployment is essential for economic policy. Internationally agreed measures (e.g. headcount … employment and unemployment rates based on standard definitions) enhance comparability across time and space, but changes in real …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011984696