common working conditions within the industry, limit wage inequality, and reduce gender wage gaps. However, several studies … suggest that those benefits come at the cost of reduced employment levels, especially during recessions. The income losses of …

employment levels during recessions. However, they can create inefficiency in the labor market, and might limit labor market …

Measuring employment and unemployment is essential for economic policy. Internationally agreed measures (e.g. headcount … employment and unemployment rates based on standard definitions) enhance comparability across time and space, but changes in real …

behavior should reduce the gender bias in household production time and reduce inefficiency in home production. Policymakers …The time household members in industrialized countries spend on housework and shopping is substantial, amounting on … average to about half as much time as is spent on paid employment. Women bear the brunt of this burden, a difference that is …

Long-term unemployment can lead to skill attrition and have detrimental effects on future employment prospects …, particularly following periods of economic crises when employment growth is slow and cannot accommodate high levels of unemployment …

employment levels during recessions. However, they can create inefficiency in the labor market, and might limit labor market …