public sector units in 1991. Since then, per capita output has increased significantly, while the overall unemployment rate … unemployment remains stubbornly high, an overwhelming proportion of the labor force continues to work in the informal sector, and …

employment levels during recessions. However, they can create inefficiency in the labor market, and might limit labor market …

unemployment benefits. Will social welfare rise as a result? Will some groups be winners and other groups be losers? Will the …

Persistent unemployment after recessions and the policies required to bring it down are the subject of an ongoing … unemployment, requiring the implementation of structural policy reforms. The alternative view is that the slow recovery of the … economy is due to cyclic reasons coming from lack of demand which prevents unemployment from falling quickly. Knowing whether …

labor force participation rate, reversing a nearly 50-year trend; the full recovery of unemployment from the depths of the …

and unemployment showed little sensitivity. Workers have paid the price for this rather stable employment situation in the … underwent substantial structural changes. Major shocks were absorbed largely via wage adjustments, while aggregate employment …

labor force participation rate, reversing a nearly 50-year trend; the nearly full recovery of unemployment from the depths …

national employment levels. However, economic research suggests that these effects are uncertain and critically depend on how … public wages are determined. Rigid public sector wages lead to perverse effects on private employment, while flexible public … wages lead to a stabilizing effect. Public employment also has important productivity and redistributive effects. …