unemployment rate increased dramatically, and the labor force participation rate declined by four percentage points between 2007 … and 2012. Outward migration re-emerged as a safety valve for the Irish economy, helping to moderate impacts on … unemployment via a reduction in overall labor supply. As the crisis deepened, long-term unemployment escalated, creating …

and 2013, the unemployment rate increased dramatically, from 5% to 15.5%, and the labor force participation rate declined … by almost five percentage points between 2007 and 2012. Outward migration re-emerged as a safety valve for the Irish … economy, helping to moderate impacts on unemployment via a reduction in overall labor supply. As the crisis deepened, long …

migration, since the desire to migrate declines later in the life cycle. In addition, indirect labor demand effects may also … reduce migration. However, migration of the elderly, return retirement migration, as well as mobility of certain specialist …

highly qualified workers - are overblown and that student migration can positively affect economic growth in both sending and …

Many studies document a large negative effect of unemployment on happiness. Recent research has looked into factors …, for helping the unemployed back into work, and for more evenly distributing the burden of unemployment resulting from …

Long-term unemployment can lead to skill attrition and have detrimental effects on future employment prospects …, particularly following periods of economic crises when employment growth is slow and cannot accommodate high levels of unemployment … costeffective and efficient means of reducing unemployment, during both periods of economic stability and recovery. …

Unemployment not only causes material hardship but can also affect an individual's sense of identity (i.e. their …