Refurbishing of used products is increasingly being recognized as a value recovery strategy in sustainable operations. Both manufacturers and retailers engage in refurbishing. Manufacturers, to some extent, can deter other players from refurbishing through various means such as product design,...

We study the problem of a cloud service provider (e.g., Amazon Web services) selling cloud services to a buyer (e.g., Uber) under congestion. Cloud congestion has received significant attention in recent years, leading to reduced service quality and a potential loss of customers (e.g., riders...