In commercial applications of biotechnology, there is no international convergence. On many critical dimensions, the United States is pulling ahead vis-à-vis most other developed or emerging countries, in spite of the efforts made by the potential catching-up nations. The article argues that...

China and India are emerging as major entrants into the international software industry. Both are rapidly learning through outsourcing with multinational enterprises (MNEs) from advanced nations, yet their paths to this dynamic sector are very different. Chinese software firms have focused on...