Focusing on the chemical industry, this paper examines the co-evolution of systems of component technologies within industry structures, and vice versa, in an open-ended process of interaction, continuous change and adaptation. The empirical evidence is based on patenting activity 1890-1990,...

This paper discusses the re-emergence of biofuel innovation systems in the USA and Brazil. We develop a view of eco-innovation systems as emerging and evolving to solve ecological problems. We then consider the role of the State as a core actor in the mobilization of innovation systems and...