Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

Innovation policy involves trading off monopoly output and pricing in the short run in exchange for incentives for …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

reforms also redistribute innovation across industries in closer alignment to its distribution in the U.S., which we take to … increasing value-added growth rates across all industries, and by larger margins in industries with more innovation potential …

externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …

What is the role of startups within the innovation ecosystem? Since 2000, startups have grown in their share of … ventures in the innovation process relative to more traditional alternatives such as academia and established private … generate predictions related to the value and impact of startup innovation. We then explore these predictions using patents …