innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate … the complementary role of the two protection methods. We identify protection strategies for single innovation firms and … for the same innovation or for different innovations. Employing firm panel data from Germany, we find fairly few …

The paper analyzes how geographical clustering of beneficiaries might affect the effectiveness of public innovation … facilitate innovation through knowledge spillovers and other localization advantages. Public innovation support programs may …

Trademarks are often supposed to reduce substitutability and imitability of product innovations. Using German CIS data … for 2010, we provide empirical evidence that trademarking firms assess easy product substitutability as less …

The market launch of product innovations is the most visible output of a firm's investment in innovation activities. To … number of different ways, and optimize their innovation process. The success of a firm's innovation strategy has two … product innovation. Second, the ability to turn the market introduction of a product innovation into commercial success. While …