knowledge spillovers are unmeasurable, a 'goodness of fit' measure is constructed using innovation survey data. It turns out … measures constructed from innovation survey data appear to work reasonably well while measures of the Euclidean technological …

collaborate in R&D is increasing in R&D productivity. The key findings of the theoretical model are tested using German innovation … survey data for the service sector. A simultaneous model for cooperation choice and innovation expenditures shows that R …&D cooperation has a weakly significant positive effect on innovation expenditures. The empirical results broadly support the …

R&D cooperation only considered process innovation, the model presented here also takes product innovation into account …. It is shown that the optimal R&D investment has virtually the same structure for both process and product innovation. The …

-level support for the notion that labor mobility stimulates overall innovation of a country or region due to knowledge transfer. …

outsourcing of R&D activities to contract research organizations and its implications for innovation performance. This paper …