This paper focuses on the pre-establishment period of start-ups in industrial districts. The industrial architecture is …

typically treat these 'university' spinoffs like industry startups. However, when university spinoffs involve an employment … larger stream of social benefits than industry startups, a performance premium. This paper outlines the arguments why the … performance premium of 3.4 percentage points higher employment growth over industry startups. The analysis also shows that the …

We investigate the workforce heterogeneity of startups with respect to education, age and wages. Our explorative study … holds both for non-knowledge-based and, to a lesser extent, knowledge-based startups. This seems surprising since a vast …). We also document that workforces become more heterogeneous over time - startups add workers with skills different from …

This paper examines how foreign-owned and domestically owned firms transform innovation into employment growth. The …, reveals important differences between the two groups: Due to general productivity increases and process innovation, foreign … innovation are larger for foreignowned firms. Together with employment-stimulating effects stemming from existing products, they …

prone to increase employment, while firms that want to slash costs by innovation and compete by soft factors decrease …

costs. Research therefore repeatedly stressed the positive relationship between collaborative R&D and innovation performance … collaborative R&D projects in total R&D projects is associated with a higher probability of product innovation and with a higher … market success of new products. While we can confirm previous findings in terms of gains for innovation performance, we also …