or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

knowledge spillovers are unmeasurable, a 'goodness of fit' measure is constructed using innovation survey data. It turns out …In this paper it is tested which of the various alternative approaches for constructing knowledge spillover pools … that measures of the uncentered correlation of firm characteristics seem to fit actual knowledge spillovers best. Direct …

market (innovation). It turns out that spillovers from rivals lead to more imitation, while inputs from customers and … research institutions enhance original innovation. …

-level support for the notion that labor mobility stimulates overall innovation of a country or region due to knowledge transfer. …

This paper examines empirically the relationship between innovation and market structure within a simultaneous … concentration. In contrast, competition enforces innovation, i.e. sales concentration has a negative impact on R&D. …