In this paper, we elaborate a formula for determining the optimal strike price for a bond put option, used to hedge a position in a bond. This strike price is optimal in the sense that it minimizes, for a given budget, either Value-at-Risk or Tail Value-at-Risk. Formulas are derived for both...

In this paper, we study the price of Variable Annuity Guarantees, particularly those of Guaranteed Annuity Options (GAO) and Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit (GMIB), in the settings of a derivative pricing model where the underlying spot (the fund) is locally governed by a geometric Brownian...

We introduce a new and easy-to-calculate measure for the expected degree of herd behavior or co-movement between stock prices. This forward looking measure is model-independent and based on observed option data. It is baptized the Herd Behavior Index (HIX).The degree of co-movement in a stock...

Tasche (1999) introduces a capital allocation principle where the capital allocated to each risk unit can be expressed in terms of its contribution to the conditional tail expectation (CTE) of the aggregate risk. Panjer (2002) derives a closed-form expression for this allocation rule in the...

Even in case of the Brownian motion as most natural rate of return model it appears too difficult to obtain analytic expressions for most risk measures of constant continuous annuities. In literature the so-called comonotonic approximations have been proposed but these still require the...