It is well known that the Wang transform [Wang, S.S., 2002. A universal framework for pricing financial and insurance risks. Astin Bull. 32, 213-234] for the pricing of financial and insurance risks is derived from Bühlmann's economic premium principle [Bühlmann, H., 1980. An economic premium...

We consider the valuation of simple and compound Ratchet equity-indexed annuities (EIAs) in the presence of stochastic interest rates. We assume that the equity index follows a geometric Brownian motion and the short rate follows the extended Vasicek model. Under a given forward measure, we...