This paper investigates determinants of convergence in GDP per capita in the euro area and the EU between 1995 and 2021. It finds that the COVID-19 crisis temporarily slowed convergence but the estimated negative impact is significantly smaller than during the global financial crisis. Diverging...

In reaction to disruptions of the Single Market, the European Commission put forward an emergency instrument. It proposes far-reaching measures in order to maintain the proper functioning of the Single Market and ensure the supply and distribution of goods and services. The dirigiste...

Main description: Der "more economic approach" prägt längst sämtliche Felder der klassischen Wettbewerbspolitik auf Ebene der Europäischen Union, also die Fusionskontrolle, die Missbrauchsaufsicht oder das Kartellverbot.Zunehmend ist jedoch das Bemühen zu beobachten, auch in benachbarten...

In 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than off-set...