In Brazil economic policy planning, with its beginning in the early fifties, has been undertaken for a relatively long period already. Just this fact makes it possible to analyse development, contents, significance, limitations, and chances of this planning and its realisation over a prolonged...

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the biggest global recession since the Second World War. Forecasts show the European Union underperforming economically relative to the United States and China during 2019–2023. Southern European countries have been particularly strongly affected. Some sectors...