for adverse effects of regulatory heterogeneity on intra-EU trade in the pre-harmonization period, which questions the …

We discuss how standard computable equilibrium models of trade policy can be enriched with selection effects without … accounts for a number of real world effects of trade liberalisation: richer availability of product varieties; tougher … capture several dimensions of European integration. Simulations suggest that the gains from trade are much larger in the …

in December 1996 of the Information Technology Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO), non-tariff measure (NTMs …) have come to be used more frequently with regard to imports of these goods. Technical barriers to trade (TBTs), as the most … important trade policy measure imposed on imports of ICT goods, form the focus of this study. This paper analyses how different …

Eight multilateral rounds of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and international … agreements under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have contributed significantly to the reduction of tariffs among WTO members … their extensive use. Among these measures, technical barriers to trade (TBTs) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures …

Many different approaches have developed for the evaluation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and free trade agreements … surveys, on complaints by trading partners at the World Trade Organization (WTO) or notifications by companies or countries … ability to predict the trade effects of the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement, the first 'second-generation' FTA of the EU …

the difference-in-differences identification strategy, and finds a substantial trade-dampening effect of these measures at …, specifically, less productive firms and trade intermediaries are more likely to exit the market. The pattern of Chinese exporters …

The preferential trade agreement between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and Iran on mutual trade entered into force … of trade based on the global sample of bilateral trade flows at the HS 6-digit level. The analysis suggests that the … implementation of the agreement will boost mutual trade for both trading partners, with relatively greater gains expected for the …

EU has been implementing general sanctions against the whole economy of Iran, affecting their trade relations. Since 2007 … bilateral trade values between the 19 members of the euro area (EA19) and Iran between the first quarter of 1999 and the fourth … quarter of 2018. The results indicate that general sanctions have strongly hampered trade flows between the two trading …

This paper analyses how regulatory convergence in different categories of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) imposed on … imported goods during the period 1996-2019. Keywords cited in TBTs that are notified to the World Trade Organization (WTO) give …