The necessity to meet climate and environmental targets, while at the same time ensuring economic and social sustainability,requires a transformation that will generate enough benefits to compensate the losers.

The low-carbon transition, for example in line with the European Commission’s proposed Long-Term Strategy1 net-zero2 target by 2050 or the Commission President-elect ‘climate neutrality’ objective, will require a very large increase in electricity, especially for low-carbon solutions in...