According to Noam, “The central question for telecom — and for many other media — is how to generate the funds and invest in upgraded infrastructure, while being subject to competition”. Investment in next generation access network is needed to deliver broadband services with...

Under the EU-wide Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), CO2 allowances have thus far been allocated largely free of charge. This paper presents a didactic synthesis on the impact of the ETS and argues that such a cost-free allocation will lead to an increase in electricity prices even when strong...