With the 2005 reform of the Stability and Growth Pact, a commitment was made to actively consolidate public finances in good times and to use unexpected extra revenues for deficit and debt reduction and not for additional expenditure. Against this background this study provides evidence of a lax...

According to Noam, “The central question for telecom — and for many other media — is how to generate the funds and invest in upgraded infrastructure, while being subject to competition”. Investment in next generation access network is needed to deliver broadband services with...