There has been much discussion of the Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) in recent years and various studies of their impact have been made. Much of the concern about NICs in the industrialized countries is however based on what they portend for the future rather than their present impact....

While the US has pulled out of the Paris Climate Agreement, the European Union is stepping up its efforts to meet the terms of the accord. The EU has set climate targets in order to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and keep the average global temperature increase below two degree...