Article 115 EEC Treaty enables a member state to block indirect imports of goods stemming from countries outside the Community which have first been imported by another member state, and thus helps to preserve the existence of national commercial policies as opposed to a uniform Community...

"The flow of goods, services, capital, current payments and other transactions of trade across frontiers … is fundamentally free …" - with these words begins the German Außenwirtschafts-Gesetz - AWG (Foreign Trade Act), Article Number One. After this Law had been passed in 1961, many...

Before the German Democratic Republic (GDR) achieved worldwide political recognition in 1972 and 1973 many Western observers were of the opinion that the GDR’s trade with Western industrialised countries was still not very developed. A closer look at this field of activity shows, however, a...

Until the early seventies the German Democratic Republic (GDR), in line with the CSSR and Bulgaria, was least disposed among CMEA countries to engage in cooperation activities with the West. One of the major reasons for the reserve shown by the GDR in this respect was probably that linkage...

The unification of the two German states within a relatively short period of time now appears inevitable. Yet there is no historical precedent for a successful transformation from a socialist to a market economy. Doubts have been voiced by some as to whether such a transformation is possible....