The greatest challenge for the EU in trying to identify an optimal response is understanding the motives behind the US strategy. The rhetoric, and more recently also actions, of the current US administration on trade and the global multilateral system are a real threat to the process of...

The management of the exchange rate by the Russian authorities obviously lacks both effectiveness and efficiency. "Black Tuesday" has vividly shown how vulnerable the rouble is to speculative attacks. In this article, a "classical" proposal is evoked and is discussed as an alternative to the...