The odds against the continued profitable existence of tax havens were raised by the onshore competitive financial deregulations and liberalisations of the 1980s and the new regulatory harmonised norms being set by the Bank for International Settlements. They nevertheless prospered. What has...

Since the mid-sixties the expansion of the overseas banking system of American banks accelerated. New impulses will be generated by the “petroldollars” of the oil producing countries which will most likely be handled by the overseas branches.

The logic for multilateral cooperation in trade and beyond becomes stronger, not weaker. A new governance forum will emerge, where negotiating will take place in country clubs instead of among members at the WTO. However, by breaking protocol, the US president has gained substantial bargaining...

The greatest challenge for the EU in trying to identify an optimal response is understanding the motives behind the US strategy. The rhetoric, and more recently also actions, of the current US administration on trade and the global multilateral system are a real threat to the process of...