The CFA Franc Zone, with 14 member countries in West and Central Africa, is now entering a phase of restructuring. This is clearly indicated by the debates now occurring in the EC, within the French government, in international organizations such as the World Bank and IMF, and in the CFA Franc...

Since the widening of the fluctuation bands in the European Monetary System in 1993 the previous core countries have pursued a "D-Mark shadowing". The characteristic feature of this shadowing is the participating countries' willingness to voluntarily return to, and maintain, the old exchange...

This paper highlights that the EMU transition process itself can pose challenges to individual accession countries and draws policy implications for ERM II. Differences in financial market development and international liabilities underscore the risks and benefits of ERM II, and may lead to...