While the case for Spanish and Portuguese EC membership is largely political, for membership to be a political success … applications were made, negotiations have not been concluded and that the target date of membership by January 1, 1984, will not be … met. What will be the impact of EC membership on the applicants' economies? …

The debt crisis of the eurozone revealed a structural problem of the single market rooted in the external imbalance … problem of indebted member states. The assumption of this paper is that the current account imbalances within the eurozone are … based on an intra-eurozone competitiveness disparity originated in the single currency and the heterogeneity of member state …

The UK exit from the EU represents a qualitative change in the nature of EU membership. On the one hand, it conveyed … the lesson that for the Union to be sustainable, membership needs to entail constant caretaking as far as individual … for membership in the EEA or for a free trade agreement. The Union has to deliver to be sustainable, but it cannot do so …