For several decades there has been a migration of highly qualified workers from developing to industrial countries. What are the causes of this "brain drain", which many regard as a subsidy from the poor to the rich? What consequences does it have for the countries concerned? Are there effective...

The traditional policy measures employed by Third World governments to reduce the "brain drain", the migration of critical groups of professionals to industrialised countries, have proved to be largely ineffective. The following article suggests a redefinition of job content and of professional...

The war initiated by Russia against Ukraine in February 2022 has resulted in the largest refugee migration in Europe since World War II, estimated by UNHCR (2022) at 6.3 million persons. In the first two months, almost 3.5 million war refugees crossed the Polish border, of which over 95% were...