The economic consequences of the war could potentially be used to postpone climate policy, energy saving and the shift to renewable energy. This includes investments in atomic energy - perhaps in smaller plants - as there is still no satisfactory solution for the storage of nuclear waste.

This paper investigates determinants of convergence in GDP per capita in the euro area and the EU between 1995 and 2021. It finds that the COVID-19 crisis temporarily slowed convergence but the estimated negative impact is significantly smaller than during the global financial crisis. Diverging...

Using Germany as an example, this article examines how different groups of small andmedium-sized enterprises were impacted by and recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic.The study found that at the onset of the pandemic, turnover losses were experienced notjust by enterprises regarded as poor...

Economically the net neutrality debate focuses on the question whether services of different quality should be subject to price discrimination. The debate strongly affects the interaction between the players that are involved in the provision of online content. The authors analyse this...