In the October issue of INTERECONOMICS the author already published an article on "Environmental issues and the Developing Economies". The present continuation deals with the effects which the adoption of environmental controls in the developed countries may have on the developing economies.

The economies of Central and Eastern Europe have inherited serious burdens of environmental pollution, while their economic scope for dealing with these is limited. The transition to the market economy offers chances for improvement, but it also brings new environmental problems. How will the...

It is not only the economic gap between “North” and “South” which has dramatically widened: the same is true of the ecological gap. However, because the Earth is one ecological unit, the progressively worsening environmental crisis in the developing countries is of significance for the...

Concrete steps aimed at combating global warming (or the "greenhouse effect") are intended to be decided at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, which is to be held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. So far, it has not proved possible to reach a consensus on several...

In view of the extent of environmental destruction in the Third World, it is necessary to make urgent use of all the instruments available in order to protect the environment and conserve natural resources. However, the priorities both of the people there and of their governments are more often...

The most effective way of preventing damage of any kind is to make the originator of the damage liable and to require him to rectify it. How can this principle, that works perfectly if a private good is damaged, be applied to the environment? Which are the advantages and limitations of a...

The GATT negotiations under the Uruguay Round have almost run their course. However, consultations are certain to continue, as critics regard the GATT rules on environmental protection as inadequate. What aspects need to be reformed, and how might the initial reform measures look?

The international coordination of environmental protection is particularly difficult with regard to developing countries. How can the industrialized countries be persuaded that financial compensation to the developing countries is economically justified? How can external support for the...

Structural change in advanced industrialized countries has followed a very ambivalent course, with the resulting reductions in environmental stress in one area often being cancelled out by increases in another. What role has been played in this to date by industrial and economic policy? What...