account surpluses with Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece have decreased. The following article shows that rebalancing has been … achieved some rebalancing of their current accounts vis-à-vis Germany, the path of adjustment differs. …

Austerity measures alone will not suffice to generate the growth needed for recovery in Greece, Portugal, Spain and … Italy. A European Recovery Programme is necessary to stimulate growth through structural reforms and fiscal stimulus. This …

hypothesis for Portugal, Italy, Spain and Greece for the period 1999-2017. The empirical analysis presented in the article finds … evidence that strongly supports this hypothesis only for Italy and Greece. For Portugal and Spain, however, the evidence is …

studies of England, Belgium, Spain, Poland and Ireland. It also examines Germany’s dual vocational training system as one …

causes and consequences of the financial crisis from the perspectives of five individual member states: Germany, France, the … UK, Italy and Spain. Furthermore, policy proposals which could change the role of the financial system to better serve …

This paper assesses the limitations that the Stability and Growth Pact has imposed on Italy’s economic recovery and its … debt reduction. By evaluating Germany’s fiscal policy since 1997, the paper offers recommendations for the Italian … authorities. Measures put forward by European Union institutions are hampering Italy’s economic recovery, and evidence indicates …